For the 2025-2026 academic year, there are three sections of TRN303H1.
This course engages a critical analysis of various conceptualizations of justice, and the present-day operationalization of these concepts.听 The course seeks to explore different iterations of justice; these will include social justice, and criminal justice among others as well as the role these concepts play in a modern society.听 Threaded throughout this exploration of different conceptualizations of justice is a discussion of how we think about researching the questions these concept raise and the different methodologies that can be deployed in socio-legal research. The course material for this class will consist of various source documents including journal and book excerpts, newspaper articles, cases as well as research reports. In completing the work for this course, students will be required to develop and present a research topic, complete a research paper as well as participate in weekly class discussions.
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Jennifer Leitch Jennifer Leitch, JD, LLM, PhD is a researcher and law teacher, primarily in the area of legal ethics and professionalism, access to justice, torts and dispute processes. Her PhD dissertation at Osgoode included ethnographic research involving self-represented litigants鈥 experiences participating in the civil justice system. She continues to research and publish in the fields of access to justice and legal ethics. She also practiced civil litigation at Goodmans LLP in Toronto. Jennifer has been an adjunct faculty member of Osgoode Hall Law School and the University of Toronto Faculty of Law where she taught legal ethics and professionalism, legal procedure and legal research and writing as well as torts.听 She is the Associate Director and an instructor in the Ethics, Society & Law Program at 荔枝成人app, University of Toronto and a Senior Research Fellow with the Canadian Forum on Civil Justice. She is also the Director of the National Self-Represented Litigant Project. |
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Xavier Scott Xavier Scott earned his PhD in philosophy from York University. He has a passion for teaching political theory with a focus on social justice issues. His research critiques colonial constitutional orders and legal norms for violating principles of justice and aims to promote reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples. Xavier has published on reconciliation, settler-colonialism, religious violence, and political philosophy. He also teaches in the Trinity One program at the U of T, as well as York University. |
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In many states, including Canada, economic inequality remained stable from about 1945 onward; but beginning in about 1980, the age of increasing economic inequality began. The very rich have been receiving increasingly greater shares of national income while the rest of the distribution has been stagnating or falling behind. The age of increasing inequality presents specific social issues to assess, such as the economic efficacy of education, housing affordability, debt, luxury brand consumption, CEO compensation, political influence, unemployment, and inflation control. Our goal is to become familiar with the basic state of increasing economic inequality in Canada, including its causes, effects and implications, especially from a normative perspective.
Our guide is Lars Osberg who has written three books on economic inequality in Canada. We will discuss his latest book, The Scandalous Rise of Inequality in Canada (2024), which is written by an academic economist for a non-specialist audience. No math required.

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John Duncan John听Duncan is an associate professor and the director of the University of Toronto鈥檚 major program in听Ethics, Society and Law (we say 鈥淓, S AND L鈥)听hosted by 荔枝成人app. ES&L enrolls about seventy-five new students from well over听 five hundred applicants annually, and features small seminar courses, innovative programing, a focus on sustainability, and more traditional courses. Professor Duncan is also the academic director of the听听program at Victoria College in the U of T. His interests include outreach and engagement co-learning (please see, e.g.,听), critical issues in contemporary society, politics, and international relations (please see, e.g., 鈥溾), and the history of philosophy and the humanities (please see, e.g.,听, 鈥溾, and 鈥溾). He is involved in听听and directs the听Humanities for Humanity programs听at Trinity. For more information, please see听. |
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